Epididymal cysts may appear anywhere along or within the epididymis and do not contain sperm, whereas spermatoceles may contain sperm. Oftentimes, 'epididymal cyst' has been used interchangeably with 'spermatocele.' However, it is important to note their differences. Your dog may still suffer from permanent infertility due to a partial castration or the trauma of the testicular swelling itself, and the condition may not improve, depending on the cause.'Spermatocele' is originally derived from the Greek term spermatos (sperm) and kele (cavity or mass). If swelling does not go down, you will need to return to the veterinarian for further treatment. You will likely be advised to apply cold packs to your dog’s testicular area in order to ease swelling in the remaining testicle or testicles during immediate recovery. If you elect not to have your dog neutered, recovery and management will be more difficult, depending on the cause of the swelling. If your dog suffered any other wounds, be sure to keep them clean and dry. Additionally, monitor the incision site to ensure proper healing and clean as instructed. Your dog may be given medication to help with the pain during the recovery process, and it is important that you administer dosage exactly as prescribed. If you have your dog neutered, it is important to monitor the site of your dog’s incision and follow all post-surgical care instructions. Bacterial and mycoplasmal culture evaluation of semen may be helpful for diagnosis.

If a neoplasia is found, a biopsy will be necessary in order to determine if it is benign or cancerous. Further tests may include an ultrasound of the prostate, epididymis and testes in order to view a granuloma, scrotal hernia or neoplasia. A urinalysis will test for excess proteins in the urine, and may reveal blood and pus, which would indicate possible prostatitis or cystitis as the cause of the testicular swelling. A chemical blood profile will check for irregularities in blood sugar, blood protein and electrolyte levels. An elevated white blood cell count might indicate an infectious cause of your dog’s testicular swelling. Additionally, a complete blood count may be ordered to measure red and white blood cell and platelet counts.

The veterinarian will start the visit by conducting a thorough physical examination, which will include palpation of the scrotal area to assess the extent of the swelling. As there are many possible causes, any insight you may have will save you time and your dog pain. It is important for you to provide the veterinarian with an account of the onset of your dog’s symptoms and information on any recent trauma he may have suffered. Prompt diagnosis by a veterinary professional is important, as your dog will continue to lick the scrotal area, causing further inflammation and irritation, until you begin treatment.

White bumps on ball sack